friendica/INSTALL.txt

Friendica Installation

We've tried very hard to ensure that Friendica will run on commodity hosting
platforms - such as those used to host Wordpress blogs and Drupal websites.
But be aware that Friendica is more than a simple web application. It is a
complex communications system which more closely resembles an email server
than a web server. For reliability and performance, messages are delivered in
the background and are queued for later delivery when sites are down. This
kind of functionality requires a bit more of the host system than the typical
blog. Not every PHP/MySQL hosting provider will be able to support Friendica.
Many will. But please review the requirements and confirm these with your
hosting provider prior to installation.

Before you begin: Choose a domain name or subdomain name for your server.
Put some thought into this - because changing it is currently not-supported.
Things will break, and some of your friends may have difficulty communicating
with you. We plan to address this limitation in a future release. Also decide
if you wish to connect with members of the Diaspora network, as this will
impact the installation requirements.

Decide if you will use SSL and obtain an SSL cert. Communications with the
Diaspora network MAY require both SSL AND an SSL cert signed by a CA which is
recognised by the major browsers. Friendica will work with self-signed certs
but Diaspora communication may not. For best results, install your cert PRIOR
to installing Friendica and when visiting your site for the initial
installation in step 5, please use the https: link. (Use the http: or non-SSL
link if your cert is self-signed).


1. Requirements
	- Apache with mod-rewrite enabled and "Options All" so you can use a
local .htaccess file

	- PHP 5.6.1+ (PHP 7 recommended for performance).

		- PHP *command line* access with register_argc_argv set to true in the
php.ini file [or see 'poormancron' in section 8]

		- curl, gd (with at least jpeg support), mysql, mbstring, xml, zip and openssl extensions

		- some form of email server or email gateway such that PHP mail() works

		- The POSIX module of PHP needs to be activated (e.g. RHEL, CentOS have disabled it)

	- Mysql 5.5.3+ or an equivalant alternative for MySQL (MariaDB, Percona Server etc.)

	- ability to schedule jobs with cron (Linux/Mac) or Scheduled Tasks
(Windows) [Note: other options are presented in Section 8 of this document]

	- Installation into a top-level domain or sub-domain (without a
directory/path component in the URL) is preferred. This is REQUIRED if
you wish to communicate with the Diaspora network.


	- For alternative server configurations (such as Nginx server and MariaDB
	database engine), refer to the wiki at https://github.com/friendica/friendica/wiki

This guide will walk you through the manual installation process of Friendica.
If this is nothing for you, you might be interested in

* the Friendica Docker image (https://github.com/friendica/docker) or
* how install Friendica with YunoHost (https://github.com/YunoHost-Apps/friendica_ynh).


2. Unpack the Friendica files into the root of your web server document area.

	- If you copy the directory tree to your webserver, make sure
	that you also copy .htaccess - as "dot" files are often hidden
	and aren't normally copied.

OR

2b. Clone the friendica/friendica GitHub repository and import dependencies

	git clone https://github.com/friendica/friendica -b master [web server folder]
	cd [web server folder]
	php bin/composer.phar install

Make sure the folder view/smarty3 exists and is writable by the webserver
user, in this case `www-data`

    mkdir view/smarty3
    chown www-data:www-data view/smarty3
    chmod 775 view/smarty3

Get the addons by going into your website folder.

    cd mywebsite

Clone the addon repository (separately):

    git clone https://github.com/friendica/friendica-addons.git -b master addon

If you copy the directory tree to your webserver, make sure that you also
copy .htaccess - as "dot" files are often hidden and aren't normally copied.

If you want to use the development version of Friendica you can switch to
the devel branch in the repository by running

    git checkout develop
    bin/composer.phar install
    cd addon
    git checkout develop

please be aware that the develop branch may break your Friendica node at any
time. If you encounter a bug, please let us know.

3. Create an empty database and note the access details (hostname, username,
password, database name).

    - Friendica needs the permission to create and delete fields and tables in its own database.
    - Please check the additional notes if running on MySQ 5.7.17 or newer

4. If you know in advance that it will be impossible for the web server to
write or create files in the config/ subfolder, create an empty file called
local.config.php and make it writable by the web server.

5. Visit your website with a web browser and follow the instructions. Please
note any error messages and correct these before continuing.

If you are using SSL with a known signature authority (recommended), use the
https: link to your website. If you are using a self-signed cert or no cert,
use the http: link.

If you need to specify a port for the connection to the database, you can do
so in the host name setting for the database.

6. *If* the automated installation fails for any reason, check the following:

	- "config/local.config.php" exists
		If not, edit local-sample.config.php and change system settings. Rename
to local.config.php
	-  Database is populated.
		If not, import the contents of "database.sql" with phpmyadmin
or mysql command line

7. At this point visit your website again, and register your personal account.
Registration errors should all be recoverable automatically.
If you get any *critical* failure at this point, it generally indicates the
database was not installed correctly. You might wish to move/rename
local.config.php to another name and empty (called 'dropping') the database
tables, so that you can start fresh.

****************************************************************************
****************************************************************************
********          THIS NEXT STEP IS IMPORTANT!!!!                ***********
****************************************************************************
****************************************************************************

8. Set up a cron job or scheduled task to run the worker once every 5-10
minutes to pick up the recent "public" postings of your friends. Example:

	cd /base/directory; /path/to/php bin/worker.php

Change "/base/directory", and "/path/to/php" as appropriate for your situation.

If you are using a Linux server, run "crontab -e" and add a line like the
one shown, substituting for your unique paths and settings:

*/10 * * * *	cd /home/myname/mywebsite; /usr/bin/php bin/worker.php

You can generally find the location of PHP by executing "which php". If you
have troubles with this section please contact your hosting provider for
assistance. Friendica will not work correctly if you cannot perform this step.

You should also be sure that $a->config['php_path'] is set correctly, it should
look like (changing it to the correct PHP location)

$a->config['php_path'] = '/usr/local/php56/bin/php'

Alternative: If you cannot use a cron job as described above, you can use
the frontend worker and an external cron service to trigger the execution
of the worker script. You can enable the frontend worker after the installation
from the admin panel of your node and call

		 https://example.com/worker

with the service of your choice.

9. (Recommended) Set up a backup plan

Bad things will happen. Let there be a hardware failure, a corrupted
database or whatever you can think of. So once the installation of your
Friendica node is done, you should make yoursef a backup plan.

The most important file is the `config/local.config.php` file in the base directory.
As it stores all your data, you should also have a recent dump of your
Friendica database at hand, should you have to recover your node.

10. (Optional) Reverse-proxying and HTTPS

Friendica looks for some well-known HTTP headers indicating a reverse-proxy
terminating an HTTPS connection. While the standard from RFC 7239 specifies
the use of the `Forwaded` header.

    Forwarded: for=192.0.2.1; proto=https; by=192.0.2.2

Friendica also supports a number on non-standard headers in common use.


    X-Forwarded-Proto: https

    Front-End-Https: on

    X-Forwarded-Ssl: on

It is however preferable to use the standard approach if configuring a new server.

#####################################################################

		If things don't work...

#####################################################################


#####################################################################
- If you get the message
	"System is currently unavailable. Please try again later"
#####################################################################

	Check your database settings. It usually means your database could not
be opened or accessed. If the database resides on the same machine, check that
the database server name is "localhost".

#####################################################################
- 500 Internal Error
#####################################################################

	This could be the result of one of our Apache directives not being
supported by your version of Apache. Examine your apache server logs.
	You might remove the line "Options -Indexes" from the .htaccess file if
you are using a Windows server as this has been known to cause problems.
Also check your file permissions. Your website and all contents must generally
be world-readable.

	It is likely that your web server reported the source of the problem in
its error log files. Please review these system error logs to determine what
caused the problem. Often this will need to be resolved with your hosting
provider or (if self-hosted) your web server configuration.

#####################################################################
- 400 and 4xx "File not found" errors
#####################################################################

	First check your file permissions. Your website and all contents must
generally be world-readable.

	Ensure that mod-rewite is installed and working, and that your
.htaccess file is being used. To verify the latter, create a file test.out
containing the word "test" in the top directory of Friendica, make it world
readable and point your web browser to

http://yoursitenamehere.com/test.out

	This file should be blocked. You should get a permission denied message.

	If you see the word "test" your Apache configuration is not allowing
your .htaccess file to be used (there are rules in this file to block access
to any file with .out at the end, as these are typically used for system logs).

	Make certain the .htaccess file exists and is readable by everybody, then
look for the existence of "AllowOverride None" in the Apache server
configuration for your site. This will need to be changed to
"AllowOverride All".

	If you do not see the word "test", your .htaccess is working, but it is
likely that mod-rewrite is not installed in your web server or is not working.

	On most flavour of Linux,

% a2enmod rewrite
% /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

	Consult your hosting provider, experts on your particular Linux
distribution or (if Windows) the provider of your Apache server software if
you need to change either of these and can not figure out how. There is
a lot of help available on the web. Google "mod-rewrite" along with the
name of your operating system distribution or Apache package (if using
Windows).


#####################################################################
- If you are unable to write the file config/local.config.php during installation
due to permissions issues:
#####################################################################

	create an empty file with that name and give it world-write permission.
For Linux:

% touch config/local.config.php
% chmod 664 config/local.config.php

Retry the installation. As soon as the database has been created,

******* this is important *********

% chmod 644 config/local.config.php

#####################################################################
- Some configurations with "suhosin" security are configured without
an ability to run external processes. Friendica requires this ability.
Following are some notes provided by one of our members.
#####################################################################

On my server I use the php protection system Suhosin
[http://www.hardened-php.net/suhosin/]. One of the things it does is to block
certain functions like proc_open, as configured in /etc/php5/conf.d/suhosin.ini:

 suhosin.executor.func.blacklist = proc_open, ...

For those sites like Friendica that really need these functions they can be
enabled, e.g. in /etc/apache2/sites-available/friendica:

 <Directory /var/www/friendica/>
  php_admin_value suhosin.executor.func.blacklist none
  php_admin_value suhosin.executor.eval.blacklist none
 </Directory>

This enables every function for Friendica if accessed via browser, but not for
the cronjob that is called via php command line. I attempted to enable it for
cron by using something like

 */10 * * * * cd /var/www/friendica/friendica/ && sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php
-d suhosin.executor.func.blacklist=none -d suhosin.executor.eval.blacklist=none
-f bin/worker.php

This worked well for simple test cases, but the friendica-cron still failed with
a fatal error:
suhosin[22962]: ALERT - function within blacklist called: proc_open() (attacker
'REMOTE_ADDR not set', file '/var/www/friendica/friendica/boot.php', line 1341)

After a while I noticed, that bin/worker.php calls further php script via
proc_open. These scripts themselves also use proc_open and fail, because they
are NOT called with -d suhosin.executor.func.blacklist=none.

So the simple solution is to put the correct parameters into config/local.config.php:

	'config' => [
		//Location of PHP command line processor
		'php_path' => '/usr/bin/php -d suhosin.executor.func.blacklist=none -d suhosin.executor.eval.blacklist=none',
	],

This is obvious as soon as you notice that the friendica-cron uses proc_open to
execute php-scripts that also use proc_open, but it took me quite some time to
find that out. I hope this saves some time for other people using suhosin with
function blacklists.

########################################################################
Unable to create all mysql tables on MySQL 5.7.17 or newer
#######################################################################

If the setup fails to create all the database tables and/or manual
creation from the command line fails, with this error:

ERROR 1067 (42000) at line XX: Invalid default value for 'created'

You need to adjust your my.cnf and add the following setting under
the [mysqld] section :

sql_mode = '';

After that, restart mysql and try again.